# RKS: MORE ABOUT PERSONALITIES (III): Temperaments
# RKS: MORE ABOUT PERSONALITIES (III)
TEMPERAMENTS
RKS / 2025-2026 / Ser 7 / Blog 6
1st September 2025
TEMPERAMENT TYPES
TEMPERAMENT & PERSONALITY
Dear Reader,
Temperament refers to an individual's inherent, biological predisposition to respond to the environment, often characterized by specific emotional and behavioral tendencies.
Personality, on the other hand, encompasses the totality of an individual's characteristics, including their temperament, traits, beliefs, and values shaping their unique way of interacting with the world.
KEIRSEY TEMPERAMENT SORTER
David Keirsey, an American psychologist, developed the Keirsey Temperament Sorter in 1978 after learning about the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) system. He traces four "temperaments" back to Ancient Greek traditions.
(Vinney C. What Is the Keirsey Temperament Sorter? https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-keirsey-temperament-sorter-5199761.)
The 4 temperament types defined by Keirsey are:
- ARTISAN - 30-35% of population: Creative # Seeks out adventure # Risk taker
- GUARDIAN - 40-45% of population: Dependable # Traditional # Respects law & order
- IDEALIST - 15-20% of population: Strives for personal growth # Passion for helping others # Believes in working together vs individually
- RATIONAL - 5-10% of population: Problem solver # Values logic and intelligence # Motivated by improving or fixing things
The personality determines the way of communication whilst the four temperaments form the basis of actions taken during life.
ACTION
All people take action to reach their goals and objectives, but Keirsey felt there were only two categories of action.
These two action orientations are:
- COOPERATIVE: People who act cooperatively are more concerned with doing the right thing and staying within the bounds of social norms than with the results of their actions.
- UTILITARIAN: People who act in a utilitarian way do whatever they need to do to meet their objectives effectively. They only pay attention to whether they have stayed within the bounds of social norms after they've taken action.
Although people may ultimately take action in different ways based on the situation, they tend to prefer one kind of action over the other.
CONCLUSIONS
Personality and temperament significantly influence communication and actions. Personality, encompassing traits and behaviors, shapes how individuals prefer to communicate, whether direct or indirect, formal or informal. Temperament, an innate characteristic, drives patterns of action and communication, affecting emotional styles and reactions.
DR R K SANGHAVI
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